Section V

Quartz

Resonance without gears.

Quartz replaced mechanical resonance with a vibrating crystal and made accuracy cheap. The frequency comes from how the sliver is cut, which is also where its own temperature problem lives — and the trade that had sold accuracy had to find something else to sell.

A tiny quartz tuning-fork resonator out of its can, on a white surface beside a sewing needle for scale, macro
A quartz sliver vibrates at a frequency set by how it is cut, and it is far more stable than anything mechanical.Photo: Quartz Watch Mechanism Closeup · Wikimedia Commons